MOTS-c

MOTS-c belongs to a class of mitochondrial-derived peptides, encoded within mitochondrial DNA rather than the nuclear genome. Their discovery was a genuine finding about how mitochondria signal to the rest of the cell.

Research has examined effects on metabolic regulation, insulin sensitivity and exercise capacity, largely in cell and animal models, with some observational human work relating endogenous levels to metabolic status. Studies of administering it to humans are not available, and the distinction between measuring a native peptide and administering a synthetic one matters here.

Metabolic regulation, insulin sensitivity and exercise capacity, in cell and animal models, plus observational work on endogenous levels in humans.

No human administration safety data has been published. Observational work concerns levels the body produces, which says nothing about administering it.

Supplied as a lyophilised powder, refrigerated after reconstitution.